The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a significant change in U.S. transportation policy that removed government control over airline routes and fares. Before this act, the federal government regulated which airlines could fly certain routes and how much they could charge. The goal of deregulation was to increase competition among airlines, leading to lower fares and more choices for consumers. As a result of the act, many new airlines entered the market, and existing airlines expanded their services. This increased competition helped to lower ticket prices and improve service quality. However, it also led to challenges, such as the financial struggles of some airlines and concerns about service in less profitable markets.