Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil bacterium known for its ability to transfer DNA to plants. This process can cause the formation of tumors, specifically galls, on the infected plants. It is commonly found in the rhizosphere, where it interacts with plant roots. Scientists have harnessed Agrobacterium tumefaciens for genetic engineering in plants. By using its natural DNA transfer mechanism, researchers can introduce new genes into plant genomes, facilitating the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desirable traits, such as pest resistance or improved nutritional content.