Agrobacterium is a genus of bacteria known for its ability to transfer DNA to plants. This process occurs when the bacteria infects a plant, inserting a segment of its DNA, called T-DNA, into the plant's genome. This can lead to the formation of tumors or galls, which are abnormal growths on the plant. Scientists have harnessed this natural ability of Agrobacterium for genetic engineering. By modifying the T-DNA, researchers can introduce new traits into plants, such as resistance to pests or improved nutritional content. This technique is widely used in the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).