"Affirming the Consequent" is a logical fallacy that occurs when someone assumes that if a condition leads to a specific outcome, then the presence of that outcome must mean the condition is true. For example, if we say, "If it rains, the ground will be wet," and then observe that the ground is wet, concluding that it must have rained is an error in reasoning. This fallacy overlooks other possible explanations for the outcome. The ground could be wet for reasons such as a sprinkler system or spilled water. Thus, affirming the consequent can lead to incorrect conclusions by ignoring alternative causes.