Address translation is a process used by computer systems to convert logical addresses generated by a program into physical addresses in the computer's memory. This is essential because programs operate in a virtual memory space, allowing them to use more memory than is physically available. The translation ensures that the correct data is accessed without conflicts. The most common method for address translation is through a structure called a page table. When a program requests data, the Memory Management Unit (MMU) checks the page table to find the corresponding physical address. This mechanism helps improve memory efficiency and security by isolating processes from each other.