Actinomyces is a genus of bacteria that are typically found in the mouth and throat of humans and animals. These bacteria are anaerobic, meaning they thrive in environments without oxygen. They play a role in the normal flora of the oral cavity but can also be involved in certain infections. Infections caused by Actinomyces can occur when the bacteria enter the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes. One common condition associated with these bacteria is actinomycosis, which can lead to abscess formation and chronic inflammation. Treatment usually involves antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical intervention.