Abiotic stress refers to environmental factors that can negatively impact the growth and development of living organisms, particularly plants. These factors include extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. When organisms are exposed to these conditions, they may experience reduced photosynthesis, stunted growth, and even death. Plants have developed various mechanisms to cope with abiotic stress, such as altering their metabolism or developing protective structures. Understanding how plants respond to abiotic stress is crucial for improving agricultural practices and enhancing crop resilience in changing climates. This knowledge can help ensure food security and sustainable farming.