Abiotic stress refers to the negative impact on living organisms caused by non-living environmental factors. These factors include extreme temperatures, drought, salinity, and pollution, which can hinder growth and development in plants and animals. When organisms experience abiotic stress, their physiological processes may be disrupted, leading to reduced survival and productivity. Plants, for example, may respond to abiotic stress by altering their metabolism or developing protective mechanisms. Understanding abiotic stress is crucial for improving agricultural practices and enhancing crop resilience, especially in the face of climate change and increasing environmental challenges.