AVX2 stands for Advanced Vector Extensions 2, a set of instructions for Intel and AMD processors. It enhances the performance of applications by allowing them to process multiple data points simultaneously, which is particularly useful in tasks like video processing, scientific simulations, and machine learning. Introduced in 2013, AVX2 builds on the original AVX technology by adding new instructions and improving existing ones. This allows software developers to write more efficient code that can take full advantage of modern multi-core processors, leading to faster execution times and better overall performance in compatible applications.