The instruction "ADD A, 10" is a simple assembly language command used in computer programming. It tells the computer to take the value stored in the variable A and add the number 10 to it. The result is then typically stored back in A, updating its value. This operation is part of a broader category of instructions known as arithmetic operations, which are fundamental in programming. Such commands allow programmers to manipulate data and perform calculations, making them essential for tasks ranging from basic math to complex algorithms in software development.