An 8-bit system refers to a computer architecture that processes data in 8-bit chunks. This means it can handle 256 different values at a time, which is a limitation compared to modern systems. Common examples of 8-bit systems include early home computers and gaming consoles, such as the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Commodore 64. These systems typically use an 8-bit microprocessor, which is the central processing unit responsible for executing instructions. The simplicity of 8-bit systems made them popular in the late 1970s and 1980s, allowing for basic programming and gaming experiences that laid the groundwork for future advancements in technology.