The 419 scam, also known as an advance-fee fraud, is a type of financial scam that typically involves a promise of large sums of money in exchange for a small upfront payment. Scammers often pose as wealthy individuals or officials, claiming they need help transferring funds. Victims are lured into paying fees for various reasons, such as legal costs or taxes, but they never receive the promised money. These scams often originate from Nigeria and are named after the section of the Nigerian Criminal Code that addresses fraud. Victims can be individuals or businesses, and the scams can occur through emails, letters, or social media. Awareness and caution are essential to avoid falling victim to such schemes.