The 30년 전쟁 (Thirty Years' War) was a series of conflicts in Europe from 1618 to 1648, primarily fought in the 신성 로마 제국. It involved many European powers and was rooted in religious disputes between 가톨릭 and 개신교 factions, as well as political struggles for control and territory. The war had devastating effects, leading to widespread destruction and significant loss of life. It ended with the 베스트팔렌 조약, which established a new political order in Europe and recognized the principle of state sovereignty, influencing future international relations and conflicts.