3-D modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of an object or scene using specialized software. This technique allows artists and designers to visualize and manipulate objects in a virtual space, making it easier to understand their dimensions and proportions. Common applications include video games, movies, and product design. In 3-D modeling, objects are built using geometric shapes like cubes, spheres, and cylinders. These shapes can be combined, modified, and textured to create realistic representations. The final model can be used for various purposes, including animation, simulations, and 3D printing.