The equation 2x = 4 represents a simple algebraic expression where x is a variable. To solve for x, you need to isolate it on one side of the equation. This can be done by dividing both sides by 2, which gives you x = 2. This equation illustrates the concept of balance in mathematics. Whatever operation you perform on one side must also be done on the other side to maintain equality. In this case, dividing both sides by 2 keeps the equation true, showing that x equals 2.