Around 2000 до н.э., many ancient civilizations were flourishing. In the Mesopotamia region, the Babylonian Empire began to rise, known for its advancements in law, particularly the Code of Hammurabi. This period also saw the development of writing systems, such as cuneiform, which allowed for better record-keeping and communication. In Egypt, the Middle Kingdom was established, marked by significant achievements in art, architecture, and literature. The construction of impressive structures, including temples and tombs, reflected the society's wealth and religious beliefs. Trade routes expanded, connecting Egypt with neighboring regions, enhancing cultural exchange.