The 19th century was marked by significant battles that shaped nations and influenced global politics. Notable conflicts included the Napoleonic Wars, which saw major battles like Waterloo in 1815, where Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated, leading to his exile. The century also witnessed the American Civil War, with pivotal battles such as Gettysburg in 1863, which turned the tide in favor of the Union. Additionally, the century featured the Crimean War (1853-1856), where battles like Balaclava highlighted the challenges of military logistics. The Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871) further demonstrated the impact of modern warfare, culminating in the decisive battle of Sedan. These battles collectively transformed military strategies and national boundaries.