The 1790 United States Census was the first official census conducted in the United States, taking place from August 2 to September 10, 1790. It aimed to count the population for representation in Congress and to assess the distribution of resources. The census recorded data on free white males, free white females, other free persons, and enslaved individuals. The census was mandated by the U.S. Constitution, specifically in Article I, Section 2. The results influenced the allocation of seats in the House of Representatives and helped shape federal policies. The total population recorded was approximately 3.9 million people.