The 14th century, spanning from 1301 to 1400, was a significant period in European history marked by social, political, and economic changes. It saw the rise of powerful kingdoms and the decline of feudalism, as cities grew and trade expanded. The century also experienced the devastating effects of the Black Death, which drastically reduced the population and altered labor dynamics. Culturally, the 14th century was notable for the early stages of the Renaissance, particularly in Italy, where art and literature began to flourish. Important figures like Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer emerged, contributing to the development of vernacular literature. This period laid the groundwork for many transformations that would shape Europe in the following centuries.