A 12-year-old is typically in the sixth or seventh grade, depending on their birthdate and school system. At this age, children are often experiencing significant physical, emotional, and social changes as they transition from childhood to adolescence. They may develop new interests, friendships, and hobbies, and begin to seek more independence. Cognitively, 12-year-olds are capable of more complex thinking and problem-solving. They can understand abstract concepts and often enjoy exploring topics like science, history, and literature. This age is also marked by increased involvement in extracurricular activities, such as sports, music, or clubs, which help them build skills and social connections.