The number "12," also known as a dozen, is a common counting unit used in various contexts. It is often used to quantify items, such as eggs, where a standard carton typically contains a dozen. This grouping makes it easier to manage and purchase items in bulk. In mathematics, 12 is considered a composite number, as it has factors other than 1 and itself, specifically 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. The concept of a dozen is also prevalent in cultural references, such as the phrase "a dozen roses," which symbolizes love and affection, often given on occasions like Valentine's Day.