The 0/1 knapsack problem is a classic optimization problem in computer science and mathematics. It involves a knapsack with a fixed capacity and a set of items, each with a specific weight and value. The goal is to determine which items to include in the knapsack to maximize the total value without exceeding the weight limit. Each item can either be included (1) or excluded (0), hence the name "0/1." This problem is commonly encountered in various fields, such as resource allocation, budget management, and logistics. Solving the 0/1 knapsack problem helps in making efficient decisions about how to best utilize limited resources while maximizing benefits.