The .50 BMG (Browning Machine Gun) is a large-caliber rifle cartridge developed in the early 20th century for use in heavy machine guns and sniper rifles. It was designed by John Browning and has a bullet diameter of 0.50 inches (12.7 mm) and a case length of 138 mm. The cartridge is known for its long-range accuracy and high stopping power, making it effective against both personnel and material targets. Primarily used by military forces, the .50 BMG has applications in anti-materiel roles, where it can disable vehicles and equipment. It is also popular among civilian shooters and in competitive shooting sports. The cartridge's significant recoil and weight require specialized firearms, such as the M2 Browning machine gun and various sniper rifles.