국민총행복 (Gross National Happiness, GNH) is a holistic approach to measuring the well-being and happiness of a population. It was first introduced in 부탄 (Bhutan) in the 1970s as an alternative to traditional economic indicators like 국내총생산 (Gross Domestic Product, GDP). GNH emphasizes sustainable development, cultural preservation, and environmental conservation, aiming to create a balanced and harmonious society. The GNH framework consists of nine domains, including psychological well-being, health, education, and community vitality. By focusing on these areas, 부탄 seeks to promote a more comprehensive understanding of progress and quality of life, ensuring that economic growth does not come at the expense of social and environmental health.