調性 (chōsei) refers to the concept of tonality in music, which is the organization of pitches around a central note called the tonic. This system helps create a sense of hierarchy among notes, allowing for the establishment of scales and chords. In Western music, the most common types of調性 are major and minor, each evoking different emotions and atmospheres. In addition to its role in music,調性 can also apply to other art forms, such as visual arts and literature, where it describes the overall mood or character. Understanding調性 is essential for composers and musicians, as it guides the structure and emotional impact of a piece, influencing how audiences perceive and experience the music.