義務論 (Deontology) is an ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of following rules and duties when making moral decisions. It suggests that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their consequences. This approach is often associated with the philosopher イマヌエル・カント (Immanuel Kant), who argued that moral actions must be guided by universal principles. In義務論, individuals have a moral obligation to act according to these principles, which can include honesty, fairness, and respect for others. The focus is on the intention behind actions rather than their outcomes, making it distinct from consequentialist theories like 功利主義 (Utilitarianism).