福柯 (Michel Foucault) was a French philosopher and social theorist known for his influential ideas on power, knowledge, and social institutions. He explored how societal norms shape human behavior and how power dynamics operate within various contexts, such as prisons, hospitals, and schools. His works, including 监狱的诞生 (Discipline and Punish) and 知识考古学 (The Archaeology of Knowledge), challenged traditional views of history and knowledge. Foucault's theories emphasized the relationship between power and knowledge, coining the term "power/knowledge" to illustrate how they are interconnected. He argued that knowledge is not just a tool for understanding the world but also a means of exercising power. His ideas have had a significant impact on fields such as 社会学, 政治学, and 文化研究.