理念論, or "theory of ideas," is a philosophical concept that explores the nature and existence of ideas and their relationship to reality. It examines how abstract concepts, such as truth, beauty, and justice, influence human understanding and perception. This theory often contrasts with materialism, which focuses on physical objects and tangible experiences. In the context of philosophy, 理念論 is associated with thinkers like Plato, who proposed that ideas or forms are the true essence of reality, while the physical world is merely a shadow of these ideals. This perspective encourages deeper reflection on the significance of ideas in shaping human experience and knowledge.