方铅矿, also known as galena, is a mineral primarily composed of lead sulfide (PbS). It is the most important ore of lead and is characterized by its metallic luster and high density. The mineral typically forms in hydrothermal veins and can be found in various geological environments. In addition to lead, 方铅矿 often contains traces of silver, making it a valuable resource for mining. The extraction of lead from galena is a significant industrial process, as lead is used in batteries, radiation shielding, and various alloys. Proper handling and processing are essential due to the toxic nature of lead.