数学分析, or mathematical analysis, is a branch of mathematics that focuses on the study of limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. It provides the foundational tools for understanding functions and their behaviors, which are essential in various fields such as physics, engineering, and economics. This discipline often involves rigorous proofs and theorems, helping mathematicians to establish the properties of real and complex numbers. Key concepts include calculus, real analysis, and complex analysis, which explore different aspects of functions and their applications in solving mathematical problems.