德国唯心主义, or German Idealism, is a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It emphasizes the role of the mind and consciousness in shaping reality, suggesting that our understanding of the world is fundamentally influenced by our perceptions and ideas. Key figures in this movement include 伊曼努尔·康德 (Immanuel Kant), 乔治·威廉·弗里德里希·黑格尔 (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel), and 约翰·戈特利布·费希特 (Johann Gottlieb Fichte). This philosophy arose as a response to 经验主义 (Empiricism) and 理性主义 (Rationalism), seeking to reconcile the two by asserting that reality is not just a product of sensory experience or pure reason. German Idealism has had a profound impact on various fields, including 政治理论 (political theory), {伦理学