形而上学, or "metaphysics," is a branch of philosophy that explores the fundamental nature of reality. It examines concepts such as existence, being, and the universe, seeking to understand what lies beyond the physical world. Metaphysics addresses questions about the nature of objects, their properties, and the relationships between them. This field has roots in ancient philosophy, particularly in the works of 亚里士多德 (Aristotle), who is often considered one of its founders. Metaphysics also investigates abstract concepts like time, space, and causality, aiming to provide a framework for understanding the principles that govern all existence.