工学 (こうがく, kōgaku) is the Japanese term for "engineering." It encompasses the application of scientific principles to design, build, and maintain structures, machines, and systems. 工学 includes various fields such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and civil engineering, each focusing on different aspects of technology and innovation. In Japan, 工学 plays a crucial role in advancing industries and improving everyday life. Engineers work on projects ranging from developing new materials to creating sustainable energy solutions. Notable institutions, like 東京大学 (The University of Tokyo), offer specialized programs to train future engineers in these vital areas.