ژن (gene) is a basic unit of heredity in living organisms. It is made up of DNA and carries the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Genes determine various traits, such as eye color and height, and are passed from parents to offspring. Genes are organized into structures called کروموزوم‌ها (chromosomes), which are found in the nucleus of cells. Each species has a specific number of chromosomes, and the complete set of genes in an organism is known as its ژنوم (genome). Understanding genes is crucial for fields like ژنتیک (genetics) and medicine.