عثمان بن عفان was the third caliph of the Islamic community, serving from 644 to 656 CE. He was born into the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca. Known for his wealth and generosity, he played a significant role in the early spread of Islam and was a close companion of the Prophet محمد. During his caliphate, عثمان oversaw the compilation of the Quran into a single book form, ensuring its preservation. His leadership faced challenges, including internal dissent and political strife, which ultimately led to his assassination, marking a pivotal moment in Islamic history.