"حروف" refers to the letters of the Arabic alphabet, which consists of 28 primary letters. Each letter has a unique shape and sound, and they are used to form words in the Arabic language. The letters can change form depending on their position in a word—beginning, middle, or end. In addition to the basic letters, Arabic also includes diacritics that modify the pronunciation of the letters. These diacritics help indicate short vowels and other phonetic features, making it easier to read and pronounce words correctly. Understanding "حروف" is essential for anyone learning the Arabic language, as they form the foundation of written communication.