"Царства" (kingdoms) is a biological classification that groups living organisms based on shared characteristics. Traditionally, life is divided into five main kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Fungi (fungi), Protista (single-celled organisms), and Monera (bacteria). This system helps scientists understand the diversity of life and the relationships between different organisms. Each kingdom has unique features. For example, Animalia consists of multicellular organisms that can move and respond to their environment, while Plantae includes organisms that perform photosynthesis to produce their own food. Understanding these kingdoms is essential for studying ecology, evolution, and the interconnectedness of life on Earth.