"Федеральные" refers to anything related to a federation, which is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions under a central government. In a federal system, power and authority are divided between the national government and the individual states, allowing for a balance of governance. In countries like Россия or США, federal laws and regulations are established by the central government, while states have their own laws that can vary significantly. This structure allows for local governance that can address specific regional needs while maintaining a unified national policy.