"Османская" refers to the Османская империя, a historical empire founded by Осман I in the late 13th century. It expanded across three continents, including parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, becoming one of the most powerful empires in history. The empire is known for its rich cultural heritage, including advancements in art, architecture, and science. The Османская империя reached its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries under the rule of Сулейман Великолепный. It played a significant role in global trade and politics until its decline in the 19th century, ultimately leading to its dissolution after World War I and the establishment of the Турецкая Республика.