"Мембранные" refers to structures or materials that are composed of a thin layer, often called a membrane. These membranes can be found in various biological and synthetic contexts, serving as barriers or filters. In biology, for example, cell membranes protect and regulate the internal environment of cells, allowing selective passage of substances. In technology, мембранные materials are used in applications like water purification and gas separation. They can be made from polymers or other materials and are designed to allow certain molecules to pass while blocking others. This selective permeability is crucial for processes in both nature and industry.