"Византийский" refers to anything related to the Byzantine Empire, which existed from approximately 330 to 1453 AD. This empire was centered in Константинополь, now known as Стамбул, and was known for its rich culture, art, and architecture. The Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean and played a crucial role in preserving classical knowledge. The term "византийский" is often used to describe the unique style of art and architecture that emerged during this period, characterized by intricate mosaics, domed churches, and elaborate iconography. Byzantine culture also significantly influenced православное христианство and the development of европейская цивилизация.