"Ближневосточной" refers to the region known as the Middle East, which includes countries such as Иран, Ирак, Саудовская Аравия, and Египет. This area is characterized by its rich history, diverse cultures, and significant geopolitical importance. It is often associated with the origins of major world religions, including ислам, христианство, and иудаизм. The Middle East is also known for its vast natural resources, particularly нефть, which plays a crucial role in the global economy. The region has been a focal point for various historical events, conflicts, and diplomatic efforts, making it a key area of interest for international relations and studies.