"Критика чистого розуму" (Critique of Pure Reason) is a philosophical work by Immanuel Kant, published in 1781. In this book, Kant explores the relationship between human experience and knowledge, arguing that our understanding of the world is shaped by both sensory experiences and innate concepts. He introduces the idea of "transcendental idealism," which posits that we can only know things as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves. Kant's work is significant for its impact on modern philosophy, particularly in the fields of epistemology and metaphysics. He distinguishes between "a priori" knowledge, which is independent of experience, and "a posteriori" knowledge, which is derived from experience. This framework has influenced many later philosophers and remains a foundational text in the study of philosophy.