The notation "λ(G)" typically represents the eigenvalue of a graph G. In graph theory, eigenvalues are important as they provide insights into the properties of the graph, such as its connectivity and stability. The largest eigenvalue, often denoted as the spectral radius, can indicate how well the graph can be traversed or how robust it is against certain types of failures. In the context of G, λ(G) can also refer to the Laplacian eigenvalue, which is derived from the Laplacian matrix of the graph. This eigenvalue helps in understanding various characteristics, including the number of spanning trees and the graph's overall structure. Analyzing λ(G) can reveal critical information about the graph's behavior and its potential applications in network theory.