Λούντβιχ Βιτγκενστάιν was an influential Austrian philosopher born in 1889. He is best known for his work in the philosophy of language and the philosophy of mind. His major works include the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and Philosophical Investigations, which explore the relationship between language, thought, and reality. Vitgenstein's ideas challenged traditional views on meaning and understanding. He argued that the meaning of words is rooted in their use within specific contexts, a concept known as language games. His work has had a lasting impact on various fields, including linguistics, logic, and cognitive science.