Ömer ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, serving from 634 to 644 CE. He is known for his strong leadership and administrative skills, which helped expand the Islamic empire significantly during his reign. Ömer played a crucial role in the early spread of Islam and was a close companion of the Prophet Muhammad. He is also recognized for establishing many governmental and social reforms, including the creation of a judicial system and welfare programs. Ömer's policies promoted justice and equality, making him a respected figure in Islamic history. His legacy continues to influence Islamic governance today.