The Scottish Reformation was a religious movement in the 16th century that transformed Scotland from Roman Catholicism to Protestantism. It was largely influenced by the teachings of John Calvin and the spread of Lutheranism. Key figures, such as John Knox, played a significant role in advocating for reform and establishing the Presbyterian Church. The Reformation led to the establishment of a national church that rejected papal authority and emphasized the authority of Scripture. It resulted in significant social and political changes, including the decline of the Catholic Church's power in Scotland and the rise of Protestant governance and practices.