Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth, containing the South Pole. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent, covered by a thick layer of ice that holds about 60% of the world's fresh water. The extreme climate makes it largely uninhabitable for humans, but it is home to various species, including penguins, seals, and krill. The continent is governed by the Antarctic Treaty, which was signed in 1961 to promote scientific research and protect the environment. No military activity is allowed, and the area is primarily used for research purposes by scientists from around the world.