啓蒙思想, or the Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement that emerged in Europe during the late 17th and 18th centuries. It emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. Thinkers like ジョン・ロック and ヴォルテール advocated for the use of reason to challenge established norms and promote ideas such as liberty, equality, and justice. The movement significantly influenced various fields, including politics, science, and philosophy. It laid the groundwork for modern democratic thought and human rights, inspiring revolutions such as the アメリカ独立戦争 and the フランス革命. The Enlightenment encouraged people to seek knowledge and question the status quo.