The 中世纪, or Middle Ages, refers to the period in European history from approximately the 5th to the late 15th century. It began after the fall of the 西罗马帝国 and is characterized by the rise of feudalism, the spread of Christianity, and the establishment of various kingdoms and empires. This era saw significant developments in agriculture, architecture, and education, with the founding of universities. During the 中世纪, society was largely agrarian, and most people lived in rural areas. The 骑士 class emerged, serving as warriors for local lords, while the 教会 played a central role in daily life. The period ended with events like the 文艺复兴 and the Age of Exploration, marking a transition to the modern era.